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Lithium sulfate monohydrate (Li₂SO₄·H₂O) is a white, water-soluble crystalline salt containing one water molecule per formula unit. It is primarily used in the ceramics and glass industry as a flux to lower melting points and improve thermal stability. In battery research, it serves as an electrolyte additive to enhance performance in lithium-ion and lithium-sulfur systems. Though once explored for psychiatric treatment, it has been largely replaced by lithium carbonate due to inferior bioavailability. The compound also finds use in cement production to accelerate setting and reduce porosity, and in laboratories as a lithium source for chemical synthesis or analytical standards. Stable and non-flammable, it is handled with care to avoid dust inhalation. With growing demand for lithium-based materials, this hydrate remains relevant in industrial and energy-related applications despite being less common than other lithium salts.
Molar mass: ～127.98 g/mol
Appearance: White crystalline powder or granules
Solubility: Highly soluble in water; insoluble in organic solvents
Melting point: Decomposes before melting (loses water around 100–130°C)
Ceramics & Glass Industry:
Used as a flux to lower melting temperatures and improve thermal shock resistance in glazes and specialty glasses.
Electrolyte Additive in Batteries:
Investigated in lithium-ion and lithium-sulfur batteries to enhance conductivity and stabilize electrode interfaces.
Pharmaceutical Research:
Historically studied for mood-stabilizing effects (though largely replaced by lithium carbonate in bipolar disorder treatment due to better pharmacokinetics).
Chemical Synthesis:
Serves as a source of lithium ions in laboratory reagents and precursor for other lithium compounds.
Cement & Construction Materials:
Added in small amounts to accelerate setting time and reduce porosity in certain cement formulations.
Analytical Chemistry:
Used in ion-exchange studies and as a standard in analytical calibration.
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