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Kaolin (chemical formula: Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄), commonly called china clay, is a natural clay mineral primarily composed of kaolinite.
White to yellowish powder (color varies with iron/titanium impurities).
Layered silicate structure: 1:1 tetrahedral silica (SiO₂) + octahedral alumina (Al₂O₃) sheets.
Chemically inert, hydrophilic, and highly adsorbent.
Low electrical/thermal conductivity.
Ceramics/Porcelain: Enhances plasticity, whiteness.
Paper Coating: Improves gloss, opacity.
Cosmetics: Gentle absorbent (face masks, soaps).
Pharmaceuticals: Tablet binder/filler.
Paints/Rubber: Filler/extender.
Non-toxic; inhalation of dust may cause respiratory irritation.
Kaolin (chemical formula: Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄), also known as china clay, is a naturally occurring hydrated aluminum silicate mineral.
Composition:
Primarily kaolinite (layered silicate: 1:1 tetrahedral silica + octahedral alumina sheets).
Impurities: Quartz (SiO₂), feldspar, iron oxides (affect color).
Physical Traits:
Soft, white powder (can be yellow/red if iron-rich).
Low shrink-swell capacity, chemically inert, and adsorbent.
| Industry | Use |
|---|---|
| Ceramics | Primary ingredient in porcelain, tiles (imparts whiteness, plasticity). |
| Paper | Coating/pigment for gloss and opacity. |
| Cosmetics | Absorbent in masks, soaps (gentle exfoliant). |
| Pharmaceuticals | Excipient in pills (binder/filler). |
| Agriculture | Soil additive for water retention. |
Non-toxic but inhalation of fine dust may cause respiratory irritation.
Summary: Kaolin’s utility stems from its purity, plasticity, and inertness, making it indispensable in ceramics and beyond.
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