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Aminoguanidine Sulfate
CAS: 996-19-0 | Formula: CH₆N₄·½H₂SO₄ | MW: 123.12 g/mol
This is a nitrogen-rich guanidine-hydrazine salt — a highly polar, water-soluble compound widely used as a pharmacological tool and pharmaceutical intermediate.
Primary Uses:
Anti-glycation research — prototype inhibitor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), trapping reactive α-oxoaldehydes to prevent diabetic complications (nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy)
iNOS inhibitor — selectively inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase for immunology and cardiovascular research
Drug synthesis — building block for furazolidone, triazole nucleosides, and antiparasitic agents
DAO/SSAO inhibitor — modulates histamine metabolism and vascular inflammation
Selling Points:
Multi-target activity — covers AGE inhibition, iNOS, DAO, SSAO, and ROS scavenging in one molecule
Gold-standard reference compound — positive control in anti-glycation studies worldwide
Scalable synthesis — two proven routes yielding 70–90%, using inexpensive raw materials
Broad availability — 153+ global suppliers, ≥98% purity, competitive pricing
Growing demand — driven by global diabetes epidemic (>537M adults) and aging-related AGE research
Specifications of Aminoguanidine Sulfate CAS 996-19-0 COA:
Items | Specifications | Results |
Appearance | White crystalline powder | White solid |
Content, w/% | ≥ 98 | 98.29 |
Insoluble Substances | ≤0.1% | 0.07 |
Loss on drying / Moisture, w/% | ≤0.3% | 0.21 |
Ignition Residue | ≤0.3% | 0.17 |
Free Acid | ≤0.8% | 0.53 |
Storage Conditions | Store in a ventilated and dry environment,away from direct sunlight and avoid impact. | |
Conclusion | The product conforms to the above specifications. | |
Product Name:Aminoguanidine Sulfate
CAS:996-19-0
MF:CH8N4O4S
Melting point :200 °C
form:Crystalline powder
color:White
Uses:
Aminoguanidine Sulfate
Also known as aminoguanidine hemisulfate or guanylhydrazine hemisulfate salt, this is a nitrogen-rich guanidine-hydrazine derivative — a highly polar, water-soluble organic salt widely used as a pharmacological tool compound and pharmaceutical intermediate.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| CAS Number | 996-19-0 |
| Molecular Formula | CH₆N₄·½H₂SO₄ (hemisulfate); C₂H₁₄N₈O₄S (bis-form) |
| Molecular Weight | 123.12 (free base); 246.25 (bis-sulfate) |
| Melting Point | 200–208 °C (decomposes) |
| Appearance | White to off-white crystalline powder |
| Water Solubility | Freely soluble (~50 mg/mL) |
| Solubility in Ethanol | Insoluble |
| pH (aqueous) | 4–6 (15% solution) |
| Flash Point | 111.9 °C |
Structural Breakdown
The molecule contains two pharmacophoric units:
Guanidino group (–NH–C(=NH)–NH₂): A strongly basic, resonance-stabilized cationic moiety responsible for high water solubility and reactivity toward carbonyl compounds (aldehydes, α-dicarbonyls).
Hydrazine moiety (–NH–NH₂): A nucleophilic nitrogen–nitrogen unit that enhances reactivity with electrophilic carbonyl species, particularly α-oxoaldehydes (methylglyoxal, glyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone) — the structural basis for its anti-glycation activity.
Primary Uses
1. Inhibitor of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) — Anti-Diabetic Research
The most studied application is as a prototype inhibitor of AGE formation. AGEs are harmful compounds formed when sugars non-enzymatically react with proteins — a process central to diabetic complications (nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy) and age-related vascular stiffening.
Aminoguanidine works by:
Trapping reactive α-oxoaldehyde intermediates (methylglyoxal, glyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone) before they can glycate proteins
Forming stable 3-amino-1,2,4-triazine adducts with these dicarbonyl compounds
Scavenging formaldehyde produced via semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO)
In animal models, it has demonstrated prevention of diabetic vascular dysfunction, amelioration of diabetic nephropathy, and prevention of age-related arterial stiffening and cardiac hypertrophy.
2. Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) Inhibitor — Immunological & Cardiovascular Research
Aminoguanidine is a well-characterized selective inhibitor of inducible NOS (iNOS/NOS2), while showing 10–100× weaker inhibition of constitutive NOS isoforms (nNOS/NOS1, eNOS/NOS3).
This selectivity makes it an invaluable pharmacological tool for:
Dissecting iNOS-derived NO's role in inflammation, sepsis, and autoimmune diseases
Studying NO's role in ovulation and ovarian steroidogenesis
Investigating NO-mediated immunosuppression — it inhibited the immunosuppressing effects of attenuated Salmonella typhimurium by blocking NO production
Preventing diabetic vascular dysfunction — NO overproduction by iNOS contributes to endothelial damage in diabetes
3. Pharmaceutical Intermediate — Drug Synthesis
Aminoguanidine sulfate is a critical building block in the synthesis of several established drugs:
Furazolidone — a nitrofuran antibiotic for gastrointestinal infections
Pyrimethamine analogs — antiparasitic agents
Triazole nucleosides — antiviral compounds (e.g., ribavirin analogs)
Propanidrazone — other therapeutic agents
The guanidino-hydrazine scaffold provides a versatile reactive handle for constructing heterocyclic drug cores (triazines, triazoles, pyrazoles) through condensation with carbonyl-containing precursors.
4. Diamine Oxidase (DAO) and SSAO Inhibitor
At nanomolar concentrations, aminoguanidine inhibits diamine oxidase (DAO), the enzyme responsible for degrading biologically active diamines such as histamine and putrescine. It also inhibits semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO/VAP-1), an enzyme implicated in inflammatory diseases, diabetes/obesity, and cardiovascular disease.
5. Dye and Specialty Chemical Intermediate
Beyond pharmaceuticals, it serves as an intermediate in azo and heterocyclic dye synthesis, polymer additives, and agrochemical synthesis.
Selling Points & Value Propositions
1. Multi-Target Biological Activity — A Single Molecule, Multiple Mechanisms
Few small molecules exhibit the breadth of pharmacological targets that aminoguanidine covers:
| Target | Effect | Research Area |
|---|---|---|
| AGE formation | Inhibits glycation by trapping α-oxoaldehydes | Diabetic complications, aging |
| iNOS (NOS2) | Selective inhibition of inducible NO synthase | Inflammation, sepsis, autoimmunity |
| DAO | Inhibits diamine oxidase (nM potency) | Histamine metabolism, allergy |
| SSAO/VAP-1 | Inhibits semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase | Diabetes, obesity, vascular inflammation |
| ROS | Scavenges reactive oxygen species | Cancer, oxidative stress |
This multi-target profile makes it a single reagent that can address multiple research questions across diabetes, immunology, neuroscience, and oncology.
2. Gold-Standard Reference Compound for Anti-Glycation Research
Aminoguanidine (Pimagedine) is the most widely cited prototype AGE inhibitor in the scientific literature. It serves as the positive control in virtually every study investigating novel anti-glycation compounds, AGE-related disease mechanisms, and diabetic complication pathways — ensuring consistent, recurring demand from academic and pharmaceutical R&D labs worldwide.
3. Established, High-Yield Industrial Synthesis
Two well-proven manufacturing routes exist:
Route A — Calcium cyanamide + hydrazine sulfate: A classical route proceeding through cyanamide dimer formation, reaction with hydrazine, and sulfate crystallization. Yield >70%, scalable to multi-ton batches.
Route B — Methylisothiouronium sulfate + hydrazine hydrate: A higher-yielding route (~90%) that proceeds through nucleophilic displacement of methyl mercaptan, followed by ethanol precipitation. Preferred for high-purity pharmaceutical-grade material.
Both routes use inexpensive, commodity-grade raw materials and produce the final product by simple crystallization — no chromatography needed.
4. Broad Supplier Base with Reliable Availability
As of 2025–2026, approximately 153 global suppliers offer aminoguanidine sulfate, with significant presence across China (~135 suppliers), the United States (~10), Germany (~3), and the United Kingdom (~3).
Major suppliers include TCI (Tokyo Chemical Industry), Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Sigma-Aldrich/Merck, and numerous Chinese manufacturers (Shanghai Kanglang, Wuhan-based suppliers).
This broad supply base ensures competitive pricing (¥20–40/5 g for research grade), multiple purity grades (≥98% research grade to ≥99% pharmaceutical grade), and flexible quantities from grams to 25 kg drums.
5. Growing Market Driven by Chronic Disease Burden
The global market is underpinned by several macro trends:
Diabetes epidemic — over 537 million adults worldwide have diabetes, driving demand for compounds addressing diabetic complications through anti-glycation and NOS-inhibition pathways
Aging population — AGE accumulation is linked to age-related cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and renal decline
Pharmaceutical pipeline — ongoing drug discovery programs targeting AGEs, iNOS, and SSAO continue to require aminoguanidine as a reference compound and synthetic starting material
6. Favorable Physicochemical and Handling Profile
Solid crystalline powder — easy to weigh, handle, and formulate
High water solubility (~50 mg/mL) — ideal for biological assays and in vivo studies
Thermally stable — melting point >200 °C, suitable for ambient storage
Long shelf life — stable for 2+ years when stored sealed at room temperature
Non-hazardous for transport — classified as NONH for all transport modes
7. Manageable Safety Profile
Oral LD₅₀ (rat): ~500 mg/kg — moderate toxicity, manageable with standard precautions
GHS Classification: Warning — H315 (skin irritation), H319 (eye irritation), H335 (respiratory irritation)
Not classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic
Standard laboratory PPE (gloves, goggles, lab coat) is sufficient for safe handling
WGK Germany: 2 — slightly hazardous to water
Summary
| Aspect | Detail |
|---|---|
| Identity | Guanidine-hydrazine sulfate salt (CAS 996-19-0) |
| Primary uses | AGE inhibitor (anti-diabetic research); iNOS/NOS inhibitor (immunology); pharmaceutical intermediate (furazolidone, triazole nucleosides); DAO/SSAO inhibitor; dye intermediate |
| Key selling points | Multi-target biological activity; gold-standard anti-glycation reference compound; high-yield scalable synthesis (70–90%); 153+ global suppliers; growing demand driven by diabetes epidemic and aging populations |
| Purity available | ≥98% (research grade), ≥99% (pharmaceutical grade) |
| Pricing | ~¥20–40/5 g (research grade, Chinese suppliers); bulk 25 kg drums available |
| Market context | Driven by global diabetes burden (>537M adults) and aging-related AGE research |
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Name:Wuhan Fortuna Chemical Co.,Ltd
Category:Others
Trade Category: Trading Company
Employees: 11 - 50 People
Address: Room 2015, No.2 Building, Kaixin Mansion No.107
Company Information: Wuhan Fortuna Chemical Co.,Ltd established in 2006, is a big integrative chemical enterprise being engaged in Pharmaceutical and Intermediates, Food and Feed additives, Fine chemicals,Biochemical and Reagent, which is the members of Hubei E-commerce Chamber.
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Since Wuhan Fortuna Chemical Co., Ltd founded, we continuously innovate our products and improve our service, sales network. Hence, we initiate the first sale mode on net in China, which is the retail trade of small package bring along wholesale of diversified management modes. Our products are exported widely to South Korea, Vietnam, Australia, Europe and South America, highly recommended by our clients.We insist on the management creed “Market is our compass, Quality is our life, Credit is our soul”. Clients’ trust is our forward power, their satisfaction is our struggling goal.
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