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Decyl aldehyde (common name: Decanal; IUPAC: Decanal) is a straight-chain fatty aldehyde with the formulaC10H20O (CH3(CH2)8CHO). Key details:
Properties: Colorless liquid with a citrus-waxy odor (bp: 208–210°C). Insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents.
Natural Sources: Abundant in citrus peel oils (orange, lemon), coriander, and roses.
Synthesis: Industrially produced by oxidizing *n*-decanol or ozonolysis of olefins.
Uses:
Fragrance: Essential in perfumes, soaps, and detergents for fresh citrus notes.
Flavoring: Food additive (e.g., candies, beverages).
Chemical Intermediate: For synthesizing alcohols, acids, and surfactants.
Safety: Low toxicity (LD₅₀ rat oral: ~3700 mg/kg); may irritate skin/eyes.
Decyl aldehyde (also called Decanal or *n*-Decyl aldehyde) is a saturated, straight-chain fatty aldehyde with the chemical formula C10H20OC10H20O. Here's a concise chemical profile:
Structure: CH3(CH2)8CHOCH3(CH2)8CHO – a 10-carbon chain with a terminal aldehyde group (−CHO−CHO).
Molar Mass: 156.27 g/mol.
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid with a strong, waxy-citrus odor.
Natural Source: Found in citrus oils (orange, lemon), coriander, and rose.
Boiling Point: 208–210°C.
Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in ethanol, ether, and oils.
Reactivity:
Oxidizes to decanoic acid (capric acid).
Undergoes aldol condensation or reduction to decyl alcohol.
Industrial: Oxidation of *n*-decanol (CH3(CH2)9OHCH3(CH2)9OH) with catalysts.
Ozonolysis: Cleavage of unsaturated fatty compounds.
Flavor & Fragrance: Citrus notes in perfumes, soaps, and food flavorings.
Surfactants: Precursor to alcohols and acids for detergents.
Plasticizers: Intermediate in polymer production.
Low toxicity (LD₅₀ oral, rat: ~3,700 mg/kg).
Skin/eye irritant; use with ventilation.
Note: Not to be confused with branched isomers (e.g., isodecanal). Its linear structure defines its functional use.
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