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3-Sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt (SPMA-K⁺) is a water-soluble, zwitterionic monomer used primarily to create highly hydrophilic and anti-fouling polymers.
Key characteristics:
Chemical Structure: Combines a polymerizable methacrylate group with a sulfonate (-SO₃⁻) group on a propyl linker, neutralized by potassium (K⁺).
Function: The sulfonate group provides strong hydrophilicity and negative charge. When polymerized, it forms surfaces that bind water tightly via ionic hydration.
Applications:
Anti-fouling coatings: Prevents protein, cell, or bacterial adhesion (e.g., marine coatings, medical devices).
Hydrogels: Enhances water retention for contact lenses, wound dressings, or drug delivery.
Chromatography: Used in columns for separation science.
Advantages: Excellent biocompatibility, stability, and ease of copolymerization with other monomers.
Here's the chemical breakdown of 3-Sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt (C₇H₁₁KO₅S):
Methacrylate Group: Provides a polymerizable vinyl bond (CH₂=C(CH₃)–).
Sulfopropyl Linker: A 3-carbon chain (–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–) ending in a sulfonate (–SO₃⁻).
Counterion: Potassium (K⁺) neutralizing the sulfonate charge.
Potassium 3-[(2-methylprop-2-enoyl)oxy]propane-1-sulfonate
C₇H₁₁KO₅S
Molar mass: ~246.3 g/mol
CH₂=C(CH₃)–C(=O)–O–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂–SO₃⁻ K⁺
Water Solubility: Ionic sulfonate group + K⁺ salt enhances hydrophilicity.
Reactivity: Vinyl group (CH₂=CH–) undergoes free-radical polymerization.
Zwitterionic Potential: When polymerized, forms betaine-like structures with both cationic (ester) and anionic (sulfonate) sites.
Typically via esterification of methacrylic acid with 3-bromopropanol, followed by sulfonation (e.g., using Na₂SO₃) and K⁺ exchange.
Functional Monomer: Imparts permanent negative charge, hydrophilicity, and anti-fouling properties to polymers (e.g., hydrogels, coatings).
Electrolyte Additive: Used in batteries/electrochemistry due to ionic conductivity.
C=C(C)C(=O)OCCC[S](=O)(=O)[O-].[K+]
This monomer is essential for creating superhydrophilic surfaces in biomedical and industrial applications.
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