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Phosphoric acid, disodium salt, heptahydrate (Na₂HPO₄·7H₂O) is a hydrated sodium phosphate compound. It appears as white crystals or powder, highly soluble in water, forming mildly alkaline solutions. A key component of the phosphate buffer system, it stabilizes pH in biological and industrial processes. Used in food (leavening agent, emulsifier), pharmaceuticals (buffer, laxative), and laboratories (buffer preparation). Also applied in water treatment and detergents. The heptahydrate form ensures controlled hydration for specific formulations. Generally safe but excessive ingestion may cause irritation. Store in cool, dry conditions to prevent dehydration. Its buffering capacity and solubility make it vital in both scientific and commercial contexts.
Items | Specifications | Results |
Appearance | White or almost white Powder | White crystalline powder |
Identification | Positive | Positive |
Na2HPO4(w/%) | ≥98.0 | 99.45 |
Loss on Drying(w/%) | 43.0~50.0 | 48.01 |
Water insoluble(w/%) | ≤0.2 | 0.04 |
F(mg/kg) | ≤50.0 | 9.06 |
Pb(mg/kg) | ≤4.0 | ＜4.0 |
As(mg/kg) | ≤3.0 | ＜3.0 |
Heavy metals(mg/kg) | ≤10.0 | ＜10.0 |
Conclusion | It meets the requirements of the USP32 index | |
Parent Acid: Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄), a triprotic acid with three ionizable hydrogen atoms.
Salt Formation: Two hydrogen ions (H⁺) are replaced by sodium ions (Na⁺), resulting in disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na₂HPO₄).
Hydrate Component: The compound includes seven water molecules (heptahydrate), denoted as ·7H₂O, making it a hydrated crystalline solid.
Appearance: White, crystalline powder or granules.
Solubility: Highly soluble in water, forming mildly alkaline solutions.
Molar Mass: ~268.07 g/mol (including water molecules).
pH Buffering: Acts as a buffer component in the phosphate buffer system (paired with NaH₂PO₄), maintaining pH in biological systems.
Food Industry:
Used as a leavening agent, emulsifier, or pH stabilizer in processed foods.
Found in baked goods, cheese, and beverages.
Pharmaceuticals:
Buffer in medications and reagents.
Laxative formulations.
Laboratory Use:
Preparation of buffer solutions for biochemical assays.
Industrial Uses:
Water treatment to control scale and corrosion.
Detergents and cleaning agents.
Medical Applications:
Oral phosphate supplements for hypophosphatemia.
Toxicity: Generally low, but excessive ingestion may cause gastrointestinal irritation.
Handling: Use standard safety precautions (gloves, goggles) to avoid inhalation or skin contact.
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place to prevent dehydration or caking.
Disodium hydrogen phosphate heptahydrate
Sodium phosphate dibasic heptahydrate
The heptahydrate form is distinct from anhydrous or other hydrate forms (e.g., dihydrate) and is chosen for specific hydration requirements in formulations.
This compound is essential in both industrial and biological contexts due to its buffering capacity and solubility properties.
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