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4'-Galactosyllactose (4'-GL) is a minor trisaccharide in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs).
Structure:
Gal(α1-4)Gal(β1-4)Glc
(α-Galactose linked to the 4-position of lactose’s terminal galactose).
Formula: C₁₈H₃₂O₁₆ (MW: 504.4 g/mol).
Source:
Naturally occurs in trace amounts (<5% of total HMOs) in human breast milk.
Function:
Prebiotic: Promotes growth of beneficial Bifidobacteria in infant gut.
Anti-pathogen: Blocks microbial adhesion to intestinal cells.
Status:
Less abundant than major HMOs (e.g., 2'-FL); studied for infant nutrition and gut health.
Synthesized enzymatically for research.
Note: Distinct from 6'-galactosyllactose (linked at glucose unit). Research focuses on its role in early microbiome development.
4'-Galactosyllactose (4'-GL) is a trisaccharide and minor human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) with the structure:
Gal(α1-4)Gal(β1-4)Glc
(Galactose α1-4 linked to lactose)
Chemical Formula: C₁₈H₃₂O₁₆ (MW 504.4 g/mol).
Structure:
Core: Lactose (Galβ1-4Glc).
Additional α-galactose linked to the terminal galactose at C4-OH.
Natural Source: Trace amounts in human breast milk (<5% of total HMOs).
Function:
Prebiotic: Selectively feeds Bifidobacteria in infant gut.
Anti-adhesive: Blocks pathogen binding to intestinal mucosa.
Synthesis:
Enzymatically produced via glycosyltransferases (e.g., from Bifidobacterium).
Not commercially widespread vs. dominant HMOs (e.g., 2'-FL).
Note: Distinct from 6'-galactosyllactose (6'-GL), differing in glycosidic linkage position. Research focuses on its role in infant microbiome development.
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