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Nitrofurantoin is a synthetic antibacterial drug with a wide antibacterial spectrum, and has antibacterial effects on most gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
The mechanism of action of nitrofurantoin is to interfere with the oxidoreductase of bacteria and block the normal metabolism of bacteria. It has a good antibacterial effect on staphylococcus, enterococcus, Escherichia coli, Neisseria, subtilis, Shigella, Salmonella, etc.; It has a weak effect on Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, etc.; Not effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nitrofurantoin is commonly used for urinary tract infections caused by sensitive bacteria, such as phlenelonephritis, urinary tract infections, cystitis, and prostatitis.
| Item | Specifications | Results |
| Appearance | A yellow crystalline powder or yellow crystals | Conform |
| Related substances | ≤1.0% | Conform |
| Loss on drying | ≤1.0% | 0.15% |
| Sulphated ash | ≤0.1% | 0.05% |
| Assay | 98.0~102.0% | 99.56% |
| Residual Sotvents: | ||
| Acetone | ≤5000ppm | Not detected |
| Methanol | ≤3000ppm | Not detected |
| Product parameters | |
| Cas number: | 67-20-9 |
| Appearance: | A yellow crystalline powder or yellow crystals |
| Purity: | 98.0~102.0% |
| Package details: | 25kg/drum |
| Brand: | Fortunachem |
Nitrofurantoin is a synthetic nitrofuran-class antibiotic. Chemically, it is a derivative of furan with a nitro group at the 5-position and a hydantoin side chain. Its primary medical use is the treatment and prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Organic Synthesis & Medicinal Chemistry: Serves as a key example in the design of prodrugs and targeted antibiotics. Its structure is studied for structure-activity relationships (SAR), particularly how its nitro group is selectively reduced by bacterial enzymes in the low-oxygen environment of the urinary tract to generate reactive, bactericidal intermediates.
Analytical Reference Standard: High-purity nitrofurantoin is used as a calibrant and reference material in analytical chemistry (e.g., HPLC, UV-Vis spectroscopy) to quantify the drug in pharmaceutical formulations, biological samples, and for quality control during manufacturing.
Solid-State Chemistry & Polymorphism: It is a well-known case study in pharmaceutical polymorphism. It exists in multiple crystalline forms (notably anhydrous and monohydrate), which have different solubilities and dissolution rates. Controlling the polymorph is a critical chemical and engineering challenge for ensuring consistent drug performance.
Photochemistry & Stability Studies: Its photodegradation is a subject of study. The nitroaromatic moiety can decompose under light, making it a model for investigating drug stability, degradation pathways, and the development of protective formulations.
Research into Bacterial Resistance Mechanisms: In biochemical research, it is used as a tool to study bacterial nitroreductase activity and the evolution of resistance to nitroheterocyclic compounds.
In summary, beyond its clinical role, nitrofurantoin is a model compound in pharmaceutical chemistry for studying polymorphism, targeted drug activation, analytical methods, and solid-state properties.
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