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Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, commonly called Tris, is an organic compound with the formula C₄H₁₁NO₃. It appears as a white crystalline powder and is highly soluble in water. Tris is best known as a biological buffer widely used in biochemistry and molecular biology to maintain stable pH (typically 7–9) in laboratory solutions. Its pKa of ～8.1 at 25°C makes it ideal for applications like DNA/RNA electrophoresis, protein assays, and cell lysis buffers. Beyond research, Tris serves as a pH adjuster in pharmaceuticals, including injectables and vaccines, and acts as a chemical building block for surfactants, polymers, and flame retardants. Although once used clinically to treat acidosis, safer alternatives have largely replaced it in medicine. Notably, Tris’s buffering capacity is temperature-sensitive, and it may interfere with certain enzymatic reactions or metal-dependent processes. Despite these limitations, its effectiveness, low cost, and stability ensure its continued use across scientific and industrial fields.
Items | Specifications | Results |
Appearance | White crystalline powder | Conforms |
Assay | ≥99.5% | 99.99% |
Melting point(℃) | 168-171℃ | 170.1-170.9℃ |
Solubility(40%aq.) | Clear,colorless solution | Conforms |
Heavy Metal | ≤5PPM | Conforms |
Water content% | ≤0.2% | 0.19 |
PH value(5%aq.) | 10.0-11.5 | 11.01 |
[Fe3+]Iron ion，ppm | ≤1PPM | Conforms |
[SO42-]Sulfate ion，ppm | ≤10 PPM | Conforms |
[Cl-]Chloride ion，ppm | ≤3PPM | Conforms |
Infrared spectrum | Conforms to reference | Conforms |
UV absorption | 260nm (20%aq.)≤0.07 280nm (40%aq.)≤0.07 400nm (40%aq.)≤0.02 290nm( 40%aq.)≤0.05 | 0.021 0.038 0.009 0.035 |
Conclusion | The product conforms to the above specifications. | |
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| Product parameters | |
| Cas number: | 77-86-1 |
| Appearance: | White crystal |
| Purity: | 99.5~101% |
| Package details: | 25kg/drum |
| Brand: | Fortunachem |
IUPAC Name: 2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol
Molecular Formula: C₄H₁₁NO₃
Molecular Weight: 121.14 g/mol
CAS Number: 77-86-1
Appearance: White crystalline powder
pKa: ～8.1 at 25°C (making it effective in the pH range of 7–9)
Biological Buffer
Tris is one of the most common buffering agents in laboratories.
Used to maintain stable pH in solutions for DNA/RNA extraction, electrophoresis (e.g., TAE or TBE buffers), cell lysis, and enzyme assays.
Pharmaceutical Applications
Acts as a pH adjuster or stabilizer in injectable drugs and vaccines.
Used in some topical formulations to control acidity.
Chemical Synthesis
Serves as a building block for surfactants, polymers, and chelating agents.
Precursor in the production of Tris-based flame retardants and cosmetics ingredients.
Medical Use (Limited)
Historically used intravenously to treat metabolic acidosis (though largely replaced by safer alternatives like sodium bicarbonate).
Tris can interfere with some biochemical reactions (e.g., it chelates metal ions weakly).
Its pH is temperature-sensitive—buffer pH changes with temperature shifts.
Not recommended for use in mammalian cell cultures without careful validation.
1. Used in the synthesis of surface-active agents, vulcanization accelerators, pharmaceuticals.
2. Used as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, leather dressings, textile specialties, polishes, cleaning Compounds, so-called soluble oils.
3. Absorbent for acidic gases.
4. Biological buffer.
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