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Pyrimethamine is a broad-spectrum veterinary drug widely used in antigenic worm.
The principle of action of pyrimethamine is to inhibit dihydrofolate reductase, affect the utilization of tetrahydrofolate, reduce nucleic acid synthesis, and inhibit the reproduction of malaria parasites. At the same time, pyrimethamine and chloroquine can reduce the level of oxidative stress and apoptosis, protect against placental pathological changes after infection with malaria, and also effectively reduce the proportion of infected red blood cells in the blood, so as to achieve a good malaria treatment effect.
Items | Specifications | Results |
Appearance | Complies | |
Identfication B,C,D | B: The solution show an absorption max at 272nm and an absorption min at 261nm between 250nm and 300nm. The specifica absorbance at the maximum is 310 to 330. C: correspond with pyrimethamine CRS. D: Chromatograms obtained in the test for related substances in ultraviolet light at 254nm. the principal spot in the chromatogram obtained with test solution is similar in postion and size to the principal spot in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution. | Complies |
Acidity and Alkalinity | Requires 0.01M sodium hydroxide VS not more than 0.2ml and 0.01M hydrochloric acid VS not more than 0.4ml | Complies |
Colour of Solution and Clarity | 2.5%W/V mixed solution is clear Colour of Solution:≤By6 | Complies |
Melting Point | 239-243℃ | Complies |
Sulphate | ≤80ppm | ＜80ppm |
Related Substances | Any second spot in solution 1.0% W/V is not more than 0.25% | Complies |
Loss on drying | ≤0.5% | 0.23% |
Burnt ash | ≤0.1% | 0.07% |
Assay (On Dry Basis) | 99.0%-101.0% | 99.90% |
Conclusion | The product conforms to BP2017. | |
| Product parameters | |
| Cas number: | 58-14-0 |
| Appearance: | White or off-white crystalline powder |
| Purity: | 99~101% |
| Package details: | 1kg/foil bag; 25kg/drum |
| Brand: | Fortunachem |
Pyrimethamine is a prescription medication used primarily to treat and prevent certain serious parasitic infections. It belongs to a class of drugs known as antimalarials and antiprotozoals.
Its most common brand name is Daraprim.
Pyrimethamine works by inhibiting a key enzyme in parasites called dihydrofolate reductase.
Folate is Essential: Parasites need folate to create DNA and RNA, which are essential for their growth and reproduction.
Blocking the Process: By blocking this enzyme, pyrimethamine stops the parasite from using folate.
Stopping Reproduction: This effectively halts the growth and multiplication of the parasite, allowing the body's immune system to clear the infection.
It's important to note that pyrimethamine is bacteriostatic (stops growth) rather than bactericidal (directly kills) against the parasites.
Pyrimethamine is almost always used in combination with other medications to enhance its effect and prevent parasite resistance.
This is one of its most critical uses. Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii.
Who needs it: It is a first-line treatment, used in combination with a sulfonamide antibiotic (like sulfadiazine) and folinic acid (leucovorin).
At-Risk Populations: It is crucial for:
People with HIV/AIDS, where toxoplasmosis can cause life-threatening brain infections.
Pregnant women who have acquired the infection (to prevent transmission to the fetus, though this requires careful risk-benefit analysis by a doctor).
Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as organ transplant recipients.
Pyrimethamine is used for both prevention and treatment of malaria, but it is never used alone due to widespread resistance.
In Combination: It is combined with sulfadoxine in a well-known medication called Fansidar.
Use Case: This combination is used for:
Intermittent Preventive Therapy (IPT) in pregnant women and infants in high-risk areas.
Treatment of uncomplicated malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum in specific regions where the parasite is still sensitive.
It is also used, in combination with other drugs, to treat Isospora belli infections, which can cause severe diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals.
Pyrimethamine carries a Black Box Warning from the FDA, its strongest safety alert. This is primarily due to:
Bone Marrow Suppression: The drug can cause a severe decrease in blood cells (anemia, low white blood cells, low platelets), which can lead to infections, bleeding, and fatigue.
To mitigate the bone marrow toxicity, patients must take folinic acid (also called leucovorin) concurrently.
Why? Folinic acid is a form of folic acid that the human body can use, but the parasite cannot. It "rescues" the human bone marrow from the effects of pyrimethamine, reducing the risk of dangerous side effects, without helping the parasite survive.
Bone marrow suppression (see above)
Loss of appetite, vomiting, or diarrhea
Headache, dizziness, or insomnia
Skin rashes
What it is: A powerful antiparasitic drug.
Main Use: Treating toxoplasmosis, especially in immunocompromised patients, and malaria (in combination).
Key Mechanism: Stops parasites from using folate to grow.
Critical Safety Note: It requires close medical supervision and must be taken with folinic acid to prevent severe bone marrow toxicity.
Availability: It is a prescription-only medication, famously known by the brand name Daraprim.
Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. Do not self-prescribe pyrimethamine.
Used for the treatment of toxoplasmosis and acute malaria.
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