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Dopamine hydrochloride can be used for various types of shock and hypotension.
Dopamine hydrochloride has good water solubility, can enhance myocardial contractility, increase blood output, and is widely used in shock syndrome caused by myocardial infarction, trauma, endotoxin sepsis, heart surgery, renal failure, congestive heart failure, etc. Dopamine hydrochloride is a precursor for the synthesis of epinephrine in the body, which has β (mainly β1 receptor) receptor agonism, as well as α receptor agonism, and can also promote the release of norepinephrine. It can enhance myocardial contractility, increase cardiac output, and accelerate heart rate with a slight effect (not as obvious as isoprenaline); Stimulates the α receptors of blood vessels in tissues such as skin muscles, so that blood vessels constrict and blood flow supply decreases; Dopamine receptors that stimulate splanchnic blood vessels (kidney, mesentery, heart) expand and increase blood flow.
| Items | Specifications | Results |
| Characteristics | White or almost white crystal or crystalline powder | Conforms |
| PH | 3.5~5.5 | 4.7 |
| Loss on drying | Not more than 0.5% | 0.1% |
| Sulphated ash | Not more than 0.1% | Conforms |
| Assay | Not less than 98.0% | 99.4% |
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| Product parameters | |
| Cas number: | 62-31-7 |
| Appearance: | White or almost white crystal or crystalline powder |
| Purity: | 98%min |
| Package details: | 1kg/foil bag; 25kg/drum |
| Brand: | Fortunachem |
Dopamine hydrochloride is the pharmaceutical salt form of the naturally occurring neurotransmitter dopamine. While dopamine itself is produced in the brain and acts as a chemical messenger, dopamine hydrochloride is a manufactured medication that must be administered intravenously in a clinical setting. It is a critical lifesaving drug used primarily to treat severe low blood pressure, low cardiac output, and poor organ perfusion, particularly in hospital intensive care units and emergency departments.
1. Mechanism of Action: A Dose-Dependent Effect
The unique and crucial aspect of dopamine hydrochloride is that its effects on the body change dramatically with the dosage administered:
Low Dose (1-5 mcg/kg/min): Primarily acts on dopamine receptors in the kidneys, leading to vasodilation (widening of blood vessels). This increases blood flow to the kidneys and other vital organs, which can help improve urine output and protect kidney function.
Medium Dose (5-10 mcg/kg/min): Primarily stimulates beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This results in a positive inotropic effect (increased force of heart contractions) and a positive chronotropic effect (increased heart rate). The goal is to increase cardiac output and, consequently, blood pressure.
High Dose (>10 mcg/kg/min): Primarily stimulates alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, causing widespread vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels). This dramatically increases systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure, which is necessary in shock states but comes with risks like reduced blood flow to the limbs.
2. Primary Medical Indications
It is used to treat acute, life-threatening conditions characterized by poor blood circulation, including:
Cardiogenic Shock: Shock caused by the heart's inability to pump sufficient blood.
Septic Shock: A severe drop in blood pressure due to a widespread infection.
Severe Heart Failure: To improve cardiac output and blood pressure.
Route of Administration: It is only given as a continuous intravenous (IV) infusion. It cannot be taken orally because the body's enzymes would break it down before it could reach the bloodstream.
Monitoring: Patients receiving this drug require intensive monitoring in a critical care unit. This includes continuous blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rhythm monitoring, as well as frequent assessment of urine output and circulation to the extremities.
Why the Hydrochloride Salt? Converting the pure dopamine molecule into a hydrochloride salt makes it stable, soluble in water, and suitable for formulation into an injectable solution.
It is vital to distinguish this medication from the dopamine in your brain:
Dopamine Hydrochloride: A prescription drug administered IV to correct hemodynamic (blood flow) parameters. It does not cross the blood-brain barrier in significant amounts and therefore does not directly affect mood, motivation, or pleasure when given medically.
Endogenous Dopamine: A neurotransmitter naturally produced in the brain that regulates movement, motivation, reward, and cognition.
Due to its powerful effects, dopamine hydrochloride can cause significant side effects, including:
Irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias)
Excessive elevation of blood pressure
Nausea and vomiting
Headache
Reduced blood flow to the fingers and toes (peripheral ischemia), which can be severe.
In summary, dopamine hydrochloride is an potent intravenous medication used to sustain blood pressure and cardiac function in critically ill patients. Its effects are carefully titrated by healthcare professionals, and its use represents a delicate balance between supporting vital organs and managing the risks of its powerful cardiovascular actions.
Endogenous catecholamine with α and β-adrenergic activity, have the effects of Cardiotonic and antihypotensive.
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